Endemics in Family Order

Acanthaceae
Asystasia pusilla
Daedalacanthus tetragonus
Ebermaiera paniculata
Ebermaiera simonsii
Echinacanthus andersonii
Goldfussia echinata
Goldfussia glomerata
Gymnostachyum lateriflorum
Hymenochlaena decurrens
Justicia anfractuosa
Justicia assamica
Justicia khasiana
Leptostachya debilis
Peristrophe acuminata
Phlogacanthus
Phlogacanthus parviflorus
Phlogacanthus pubinervius
Phlogacanthus Wallichii
Pseuderanthemum crenulatum
Pyrrothrix polythrix
Rungia khasiana
Staurogyne simonsii
Strobilanthes acrocephalus
Strobilanthes maculatus
Sympagis maculata
Tetragoga nagaensis

Adoxaceae
Viburnum odoratissimum
Viburnum simonsii

Anacardiaceae
Drimycarpus
Drimycarpus racemosus

Annonaceae
Artabotrys caudatus
Artabotrys cubittii
Fissistigma verrucosum
Goniothalamus simonsii
Polyalthia meghalayensis
Sageraea laurina
Trivalvaria kanjilalii
Uvaria lucida

Apiaceae
Carum khasia
Chaerophyllum orientale
Pimpinella evoluta
Pimpinella flaccida
Pimpinella nervosa

Apocynaceae
Beaumontia longituba
Belostemma hirsutum
Ceropegia angustifolia
Cynanchum chinense
Dischidia micholitzii
Epigynum auritum
Micholitzia obcordata

Aquifoliaceae
Ilex embelioides
Ilex excelsa var. excelsa
Ilex khasiana
Ilex venulosa
Ilex wattii

Araceae
Arisaema wattii
Epipremnum meeboldii
Rhaphidophora calophyllum
Rhaphidophora decursiva

Araliaceae
Aralia thomsonii
Hedera nepalensis
Tupidanthus
Tupidanthus calyptratus

Arecaceae
Areca triandra var. nagensis

Asteraceae
Ainsliea angustifolia
Aster ageratoides
Aster wattii
Cirsium lipskyi
Cirsium verutum
Cyathocline purpurea
Inula kalapani
Prenanthes khasiana
Saussurea nagensis
Senecio filifolius
Senecio griffithii
Senecio jowaiensis
Senecio rhabdos
Synotis jowaiensis
Synotis lushaensis
Synotis nagensium
Synotis rhabdos
Venonia talaumifolia var hirsutior
Vernonia clivorum
Vernonia cylindriceps
Vernonia parryae

Balsaminaceae
Impatiens acuminata
Impatiens cuspidifera
Impatiens gibbisepala
Impatiens juripa
Impatiens khasiana
Impatiens longirama
Impatiens oniveensis
Impatiens porrecta
Impatiens rubro-lineata
Impatiens spissiflora
Impatiens teneriflora
Impatiens wattii

Begoniaceae
Begonia obversa

Berberidaceae
Berberis feddei
Berberis khasiana
Berberis manipurana
Berberis micropetala
Berberis sublevis
Berberis wardii
Mahonia borealis
Mahonia feddei
Mahonia fordii
Mahonia magnifica
Mahonia manipurensis
Mahonia napaulensis
Mahonia pycnophylla
Mahonia roxburghii
Mahonia simonsii

Betulaceae
Carpinus viminea

Boraginaceae
Lacaitaea khasiana

Brassicaceae
Pauthrea arguta

Campanulaceae
Glosocomia viridis

Capparaceae
Capparis cinerea

Caprifoliaceae
Dipsacus asper

Caryophyllaceae
Silene khasiana
Silene vagans

Celastraceae
Euonymus attenuatus
Euonymus frigidus
Euonymus grandiflorus
Euonymus lawsonii
Maytenus hookeri
Gymnosporia salicifolia
Pottingeria acuminata

Clusiaceae
Garcinia loniceroides

Commelinaceae
Aclisia pentasperma

Convolvulaceae
Dinetus racemosus
Erycibe peguensis

Cornaceae
Cornus macrophylla var. macrophylla
Mastixia arborea

Crassulaceae
Kalanchoe laciniata
Kalanchoe rosea

Cucurbitaceae
Trichosanthes kerrii

Cyperaceae
Carex asraoi
Carex manipurensis
Scleria borii

Daphniphyllaceae
Daphniphyllum himalense

Elaeagnaceae
Elaeagnus loureiroi

Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpus acuminatus
Elaeocarpus lucidus
Elaeocarpus prunifolius

Ericaceae
Agapetes incurvata
Agapetes lobbii
Agapetes mannii
Agapetes obovata
Agapetes rugosus
Craibiodendron stellatum
Rhododendron elliottii
Rhododendron formosanum
Rhododendron johnstoneanum
Rhododendron macabeanum
Rhododendron manipurense
Rhododendron triflorum var. bauhiniiflorum
Rhododendron wattii
Vaccinium lamellatum
Vaccinium manipurensis
Vaccinium vacciniaceum

Eriocaulaceae
Eriocaulon echinulatum

Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylum kunthianum

Euphorbiaceae
Baliospermum calycinum var. micranthum
Baliospermum suffruticosum
Euphorbia serrulata
Euphorbia stricta

Fabaceae
Anila pulchella
Bauhinia ornata var. ornata
Campylotropis prainii
Crotalaria kurzii
Crotalaria meeboldii
Dalbergia wattii
Derris lushaiensis
Phanera khasiana
Rhynchosia meeboldii
Sophora acuminata
Stizolobium monospermum
Vigna vexillata
Xylia xylocarpa

Fagaceae
Quercus glauca

Gentianaceae
Gentiana campanulacea
Gentiana parryae
Swertia lactea
Swertia wardii

Gesneriaceae
Aeschynanthus parasiticus
Aeschynanthus sikkimensis
Aeschynanthus superbus
Chirita hamosa

Hamamelidaceae
Corylopsis manipurensis
Distylium indicum

Helwingiaceae
Helwingia himalaica

Hypericaceae
Hypericum hookerianum var. lobbii

Iridaceae
Iris bakeri
Iris wattii

Ixonanthaceae
Ixonanthes khasiana

Lamiaceae
Callicarpa psilocalyx
Colquhounia elegans
Gomphostemma lucidum
Gomphostemma nayarii
Pogostemon strigosus
Scutellaria khasiana

Lardizabalaceae
Holboellia khasiana

Lauraceae
Actinodaphne obovata
Cinnamomum heyneanum
Cinnamomum pauciflorum
Lindera latifolia
Litsea elongata
Litsea laeta
Litsea meissneri
Persea kingii
Persea parviflora

Liliaceae
Lilium mackliniae

Loganiaceae
Mitrasacme nudicaulis
Strychnos nux-blanda

Magnoliaceae
Magnolia punduana

Malpighiaceae
Aspidopterys floribunda

Malvaceae
Grewia hirsuta
Sterculia khasiana

Melastomataceae
Medinilla rubicunda
Osbeckia capitata
Sonerila khasiana

Menispermaceae
Cocculus orbiculatus var. mollis
Cyclea debiliflora
Cyclea wattii

Musaceae
Musa itinerans

Nepenthaceae
Nepenthes khasiana

Ochnaceae
Discladium squarrosum

Oleaceae
Jasminum adenophyllum
Jasminum dumicola
Ligustrum myrsinites

Orchidaceae
Bulbophyllum griffithii
Corybas purpureus
Diplomeris pulchella
Epipactis recurva
Ione jainii
Jejosephia pusilla
Leptorkis acuminata
Liparis assamica
Luisia Inconspicua
Pennilabium proboscideum
Podochilus khasianus
Schoenorchis manipurensis
Stigmatodactylus serratus
Thrixspermum musciflorum

Orobanchaceae
Gleadovia banerjiana

Papaveraceae
Corydalis borii
Dactylicapnos torulosa

Pentaphylacaceae
Adinandra griffithii
Cleyera japonica var. wallichiana

Phyllanthaceae
Glochidion thomsonii

Piperaceae
Piper aurorubrum
Piper falconeri
Piper gamblei
Piper griffithii
Piper kapruannum
Piper liantakanum
Piper makruense
Piper meeboldii
Piper muneyporense
Piper nagense
Piper oldhamii
Piper parvilimbus
Piper peepuloides
Piper phalagense
Trianaeopiper cordilimbum

Pittosporaceae
Pittosporum humile
Pittosporum podocarpum var. angustatum

Poaceae
Agrostis wardii
Anthoxanthum horsfieldii var. horsfieldii
Bambusa pseudopallida
Brachiaria villosa
Capillipedium planipedicellatum
Capillipedium pteropechys
Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen
Cymbopogon khasianus
Deyeuxia borii
Dichanthium nagense
Eragrostiella leioptera
Eulalia manipurensis
Eulalia speciosa
Festuca rubra subsp. clarkei
Hierochloe khasiana
Ischaemum hirtum
Ischaemum hubbardii
Pogonatherum rufobarbatum
Spodiopogon lacei

Polygalaceae
Polygala tricholopha

Polygonaceae
Bistorta officinalis
Polygonum molle var. rude
Polygonum paleaceum
Polygonum stellate-tomentossum
Polygonum thunbergii

Primulaceae
Ardisia meghalayensis
Ardisia polycephala
Ardisia virens
Maesa macrophylla
Sadiria erecta
Tinus griffithii
Tinus khasiana
Tinus quinquangularis
Tinus rhynchophylla

Ranunculaceae
Aconitum elwesii
Aconitum nagarum
Clematis acutangula
Clematis apiifolia subsp. apiculata
Clematis tongluensis
Clematis wattii
Delphinium altissimum
Thalictrum punduanum var glandulosum

Rhamnaceae
Berchemia floribunda
Segeretia hamosa

Rosaceae
Cotoneaster nagensis
Cotoneaster simonsii
Docynia indica
Eriobotrya angustissima
Lauro-cerasus jenkinsii
Neillia thyrsiflora
Photinia integrifolia
Potentilla manipurensis
Prunus wattii
Pyrus wattii
Rosa clinopylla var parvifolia
Rubus assamensis
Rubus biflorus
Rubus calycinus
Rubus khasianus
Rubus opulifolius
Sorbus khasiana
Sorbus polycarpa

Rubiaceae
Argostemma khasianum
Hymenodictyon excelsum
Ixora subsessilis
Lasianthus inodorus
Neohymenopogon parasiticus
Nostolachma jenkinsii
Nostolachma khasiana
Ophiorrhiza borii
Ophiorrhiza griffithii
Ophiorrhiza wattii
Psychotria symplocifolia

Rutaceae
Citrus latipes
Euodia rutaecarpa
Glycosmis cyanocarpa
Paramignya citrifolia
Paramignya micrantha
Zanthoxylum khasianum
Zanthoxylum pseudoxyphyllum

Santalaceae
Phacellaria compressa

Sapindaceae
Acer cappadocicum
Acer laevigatum

Schisandraceae
Illicium manipurense
Kadsura heteroclita
Kadsura wattii
Schisandra propinqua subsp. intermedia

Simaroubaceae
Picrasma quassioides

Smilacaceae
Smilax myrtillus

Staphyleaceae
Turpinia nepalensis

Stemonuraceae
Gomphandra axillaris

Symplocaceae
Symplocos floribunda

Taxaceae
Cephalotaxus mannii

Theaceae
Camellia caduca
Schima khasiana

Thymelaeaceae
Daphne sureil
Edgeworthia longipes

Urticaceae
Boehmeria clidemioides var. clidemioides
Boehmeria hamiltoniana
Boehmeria macrophylla
Boehmeria polystachya
Elatostema ciliatum
Pilea minima
Pilea minuta

Zingiberaceae
Boesenbergia rubrolutea
Gandasulium ellipticum
Gandasulium speciosum
Gandasulium venustum
Globba saltatoria
Hedychium aurantiacum
Hedychium burtii
Hedychium calcaratum
Hedychium coccineum var. longifolium
Hedychium coccineum var. urophyllum
Hedychium coronarium var. elwesii
Hedychium gratum
Hedychium greenii
Hedychium hookeri
Hedychium marginatum
Hedychium speciosum
Hedychium villosum var. tenuiflorum
Hedychium wardii
Hemiorchis rhodorrhachis
Roscoea brandisii


Endemics in Alphabetical Order

Acer cappadocicum
Acer laevigatum
Aclisia pentasperma
Aconitum elwesii
Aconitum nagarum
Actinodaphne obovata
Adinandra griffithii
Aeschynanthus parasiticus
Aeschynanthus sikkimensis
Aeschynanthus superbus
Agapetes incurvata
Agapetes lobbii
Agapetes mannii
Agapetes obovata
Agapetes rugosus
Agrostis wardii
Ainsliea angustifolia
Anila pulchella
Anthoxanthum horsfieldii var. horsfieldii
Aralia thomsonii
Ardisia meghalayensis
Ardisia polycephala
Ardisia virens
Areca triandra var. nagensis
Argostemma khasianum
Arisaema wattii
Artabotrys caudatus
Artabotrys cubittii
Aspidopterys floribunda
Aster ageratoides
Aster wattii
Asystasia pusilla
Baliospermum calycinum var. micranthum
Baliospermum suffruticosum
Bambusa pseudopallida
Bauhinia ornata var. ornata
Beaumontia longituba
Begonia obversa
Belostemma hirsutum
Berberis feddei
Berberis khasiana
Berberis manipurana
Berberis micropetala
Berberis sublevis
Berberis wardii
Berchemia floribunda
Bistorta officinalis
Boehmeria clidemioides var. clidemioides
Boehmeria hamiltoniana
Boehmeria macrophylla
Boehmeria polystachya
Boesenbergia rubrolutea
Brachiaria villosa
Bulbophyllum griffithii
Callicarpa psilocalyx
Camellia caduca
Campylotropis prainii
Capillipedium planipedicellatum
Capillipedium pteropechys
Capparis cinerea
Carex asraoi
Carex manipurensis
Carpinus viminea
Carum khasia
Cephalotaxus mannii
Ceropegia angustifolia
Chaerophyllum orientale
Chirita hamosa
Cinnamomum heyneanum
Cinnamomum pauciflorum
Cirsium lipskyi
Cirsium verutum
Citrus latipes
Clematis acutangula
Clematis apiifolia subsp. apiculata
Clematis tongluensis
Clematis wattii
Cleyera japonica var. wallichiana
Cocculus orbiculatus var. mollis
Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen
Colquhounia elegans
Cornus macrophylla var. macrophylla
Corybas purpureus
Corydalis borii
Corylopsis manipurensis
Cotoneaster nagensis
Cotoneaster simonsii
Craibiodendron stellatum
Crotalaria kurzii
Crotalaria meeboldii
Cyathocline purpurea
Cyclea debiliflora
Cyclea wattii
Cymbopogon khasianus
Cynanchum chinense
Dactylicapnos torulosa
Daedalacanthus tetragonus
Dalbergia wattii
Daphne sureil
Daphniphyllum himalense
Delphinium altissimum
Derris lushaiensis
Deyeuxia borii
Dichanthium nagense
Dinetus racemosus
Diplomeris pulchella
Dipsacus asper
Dischidia micholitzii
Discladium squarrosum
Distylium indicum
Docynia indica
Drimycarpus
Drimycarpus racemosus
Ebermaiera paniculata
Ebermaiera simonsii
Echinacanthus andersonii
Edgeworthia longipes
Elaeagnus loureiroi
Elaeocarpus acuminatus
Elaeocarpus lucidus
Elaeocarpus prunifolius
Elatostema ciliatum
Epigynum auritum
Epipactis recurva
Epipremnum meeboldii
Eragrostiella leioptera
Eriobotrya angustissima
Eriocaulon echinulatum
Erycibe peguensis
Erythroxylum kunthianum
Eulalia manipurensis
Eulalia speciosa
Euodia rutaecarpa
Euonymus attenuatus
Euonymus frigidus
Euonymus grandiflorus
Euonymus lawsonii
Euphorbia serrulata
Euphorbia stricta
Festuca rubra subsp. clarkei
Fissistigma verrucosum
Gandasulium ellipticum
Gandasulium speciosum
Gandasulium venustum
Garcinia loniceroides
Gentiana campanulacea
Gentiana parryae
Gleadovia banerjiana
Globba saltatoria
Glochidion thomsonii
Glosocomia viridis
Glycosmis cyanocarpa
Goldfussia echinata
Goldfussia glomerata
Gomphandra axillaris
Gomphostemma lucidum
Gomphostemma nayarii
Goniothalamus simonsii
Grewia hirsuta
Gymnosporia salicifolia
Gymnostachyum lateriflorum
Hedera nepalensis
Hedychium aurantiacum
Hedychium burtii
Hedychium calcaratum
Hedychium coccineum var. longifolium
Hedychium coccineum var. urophyllum
Hedychium coronarium var. elwesii
Hedychium gratum
Hedychium greenii
Hedychium hookeri
Hedychium marginatum
Hedychium speciosum
Hedychium villosum var. tenuiflorum
Hedychium wardii
Helwingia himalaica
Hemiorchis rhodorrhachis
Hierochloe khasiana
Holboellia khasiana
Hymenochlaena decurrens
Hymenodictyon excelsum
Hypericum hookerianum var. lobbii
Ilex embelioides
Ilex excelsa var. excelsa
Ilex khasiana
Ilex venulosa
Ilex wattii
Illicium manipurense
Impatiens acuminata
Impatiens cuspidifera
Impatiens gibbisepala
Impatiens juripa
Impatiens khasiana
Impatiens longirama
Impatiens oniveensis
Impatiens porrecta
Impatiens rubro-lineata
Impatiens spissiflora
Impatiens teneriflora
Impatiens wattii
Inula kalapani
Ione jainii
Iris bakeri
Iris wattii
Ischaemum hirtum
Ischaemum hubbardii
Ixonanthes khasiana
Ixora subsessilis
Jasminum adenophyllum
Jasminum dumicola
Jejosephia pusilla
Justicia anfractuosa
Justicia assamica
Justicia khasiana
Kadsura heteroclita
Kadsura wattii
Kalanchoe laciniata
Kalanchoe rosea
Lacaitaea khasiana
Lasianthus inodorus
Lauro-cerasus jenkinsii
Leptorkis acuminata
Leptostachya debilis
Ligustrum myrsinites
Lilium mackliniae
Lindera latifolia
Liparis assamica
Litsea elongata
Litsea laeta
Litsea meissneri
Luisia Inconspicua
Maesa macrophylla
Magnolia punduana
Mahonia borealis
Mahonia feddei
Mahonia fordii
Mahonia magnifica
Mahonia manipurensis
Mahonia napaulensis
Mahonia pycnophylla
Mahonia roxburghii
Mahonia simonsii
Mastixia arborea
Maytenus hookeri
Medinilla rubicunda
Micholitzia obcordata
Mitrasacme nudicaulis
Musa itinerans
Neillia thyrsiflora
Neohymenopogon parasiticus
Nepenthes khasiana
Nostolachma jenkinsii
Nostolachma khasiana
Ophiorrhiza borii
Ophiorrhiza griffithii
Ophiorrhiza wattii
Osbeckia capitata
Paramignya citrifolia
Paramignya micrantha
Pauthrea arguta
Pennilabium proboscideum
Peristrophe acuminata
Persea kingii
Persea parviflora
Phacellaria compressa
Phanera khasiana
Phlogacanthus
Phlogacanthus parviflorus
Phlogacanthus pubinervius
Phlogacanthus Wallichii
Photinia integrifolia
Picrasma quassioides
Pilea minima
Pilea minuta
Pimpinella evoluta
Pimpinella flaccida
Pimpinella nervosa
Piper aurorubrum
Piper falconeri
Piper gamblei
Piper griffithii
Piper kapruannum
Piper liantakanum
Piper makruense
Piper meeboldii
Piper muneyporense
Piper nagense
Piper oldhamii
Piper parvilimbus
Piper peepuloides
Piper phalagense
Pittosporum humile
Pittosporum podocarpum var. angustatum
Podochilus khasianus
Pogonatherum rufobarbatum
Pogostemon strigosus
Polyalthia meghalayensis
Polygala tricholopha
Polygonum molle var. rude
Polygonum paleaceum
Polygonum stellate-tomentossum
Polygonum thunbergii
Potentilla manipurensis
Pottingeria acuminata
Prenanthes khasiana
Prunus wattii
Pseuderanthemum crenulatum
Psychotria symplocifolia
Pyrrothrix polythrix
Pyrus wattii
Quercus glauca
Rhaphidophora calophyllum
Rhaphidophora decursiva
Rhododendron elliottii
Rhododendron formosanum
Rhododendron johnstoneanum
Rhododendron macabeanum
Rhododendron manipurense
Rhododendron triflorum var. bauhiniiflorum
Rhododendron wattii
Rhynchosia meeboldii
Rosa clinopylla var parvifolia
Roscoea brandisii
Rubus assamensis
Rubus biflorus
Rubus calycinus
Rubus khasianus
Rubus opulifolius
Rungia khasiana
Sadiria erecta
Sageraea laurina
Saussurea nagensis
Schima khasiana
Schisandra propinqua subsp. intermedia
Schoenorchis manipurensis
Scleria borii
Scutellaria khasiana
Segeretia hamosa
Senecio filifolius
Senecio griffithii
Senecio jowaiensis
Senecio rhabdos
Silene khasiana
Silene vagans
Smilax myrtillus
Sonerila khasiana
Sophora acuminata
Sorbus khasiana
Sorbus polycarpa
Spodiopogon lacei
Staurogyne simonsii
Sterculia khasiana
Stigmatodactylus serratus
Stizolobium monospermum
Strobilanthes acrocephalus
Strobilanthes maculatus
Strychnos nux-blanda
Swertia lactea
Swertia wardii
Sympagis maculata
Symplocos floribunda
Synotis jowaiensis
Synotis lushaensis
Synotis nagensium
Synotis rhabdos
Tetragoga nagaensis
Thalictrum punduanum var glandulosum
Thrixspermum musciflorum
Tinus griffithii
Tinus khasiana
Tinus quinquangularis
Tinus rhynchophylla
Trianaeopiper cordilimbum
Trichosanthes kerrii
Trivalvaria kanjilalii
Tupidanthus
Tupidanthus calyptratus
Turpinia nepalensis
Uvaria lucida
Vaccinium lamellatum
Vaccinium manipurensis
Vaccinium vacciniaceum
Venonia talaumifolia var hirsutior
Vernonia clivorum
Vernonia cylindriceps
Vernonia parryae
Viburnum odoratissimum
Viburnum simonsii
Vigna vexillata
Xylia xylocarpa
Zanthoxylum khasianum
Zanthoxylum pseudoxyphyllum


Summary

Included here are large parts of the upland zones of the Shillong Plateau including the Jaintia Hills, Khasi Hills, Manipur Mountains, Naga Hills, Patkai Hills and possibly the Mikir Hills.

Of the endemic and near endemic vascular plants so far recorded there are about 392 species in 243 genera and 88 families. There are 3 endemic genera (marked red) but no endemic families although Helwingiaceae is confined to the temperate zones of eastern Asia. However, there is reported to be over 1000 endemic species recorded for this area so further information is required.

References

Deb, D. B. 1958. Endemism and outside influence on the flora of Manipur. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 55: 313-317.

Jamir, S. A. & Pandey, H. N. 2003. Vascular plant diversity in the sacred groves of Jaintia Hills in northeast India. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12: 1497-1510.

Nayar, M. P. 1996. “Hot Spots” of endemic plants of India, Nepal and Bhutan. Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute. Palode, Thiruvananthapuram.

Singh, N. P., Chauban, A. S. & Mondal, M. S. 2000. Flora of Manipur. Volume 1. Ranunculaceae – Asteraceae. Botanical Survey of India.