Endemics in Family Order

Apiaceae
Ducrosia flabellifolia

Apocynaceae
Vincetoxicum dionysiense

Asteraceae
Cota lyonnetioides
Stizolophus balsamitoides

Boraginaceae
Anchusa tiberiadis
Echium pabotii
Heliotropium lasianthum
Nonea palmyrensis
Rindera schlumbergeri

Brassicaceae
Alyssum blancheanum
Brassica assyriaca
Erucaria cakiloidea
Erysimum oleifolium
Fibigia heterophylla

Caprifoliaceae
Valerianella deserticola

Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus aleppensis
Convolvulus euphraticus

Crassulaceae
Sedum assyriacum

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia cuspidata
Tithymalus chaborasius
Tithymalus physocaulos

Lamiaceae
Ajuga chamaepitys ssp rechingeri
Ballota antilibanotica
Clinopodium congestum
Glechoma glomerata
Marrubium hierapolitanum
Nepeta pabotii
Salvia drusica
Salvia nazalena
Salvia pinardii
Satureja pallaryi
Stachys nivea
Thymus syriacus

Linaceae
Linum chaborasicum

Malvaceae
Alcea chrysantha
Alcea damascena

Plantaginaceae
Kickxia gombaultii
Linaria damascene

Plumbaginaceae
Acantholimon antilibanoticum
Acantholimon damassanum
Limonium globuliferum
Limonium palmyrense

Resedaceae
Reseda haussknechtii
Reseda kurdica
Reseda patzakiana

Rubiaceae
Matthiola damascena

Scrophulariaceae
Scrophularia mesopotamica
Verbascum aliciae
Verbascum antari
Verbascum antilibanoticum
Verbascum damascenum
Verbascum leptostachyum
Verbascum palmyrense
Verbascum triopidocarpum

Solanaceae
Hyoscyamus cylindrocalyx


Endemics in Alphabetical Order

Acantholimon antilibanoticum
Acantholimon damassanum
Ajuga chamaepitys ssp rechingeri
Alcea chrysantha
Alcea damascena
Alyssum blancheanum
Anchusa tiberiadis
Ballota antilibanotica
Brassica assyriaca
Clinopodium congestum
Convolvulus aleppensis
Convolvulus euphraticus
Cota lyonnetioides
Ducrosia flabellifolia
Echium pabotii
Erucaria cakiloidea
Erysimum oleifolium
Euphorbia cuspidata
Fibigia heterophylla
Glechoma glomerata
Heliotropium lasianthum
Hyoscyamus cylindrocalyx
Kickxia gombaultii
Limonium globuliferum
Limonium palmyrense
Linaria damascene
Linum chaborasicum
Marrubium hierapolitanum
Matthiola damascena
Nepeta pabotii
Nonea palmyrensis
Reseda haussknechtii
Reseda kurdica
Reseda patzakiana
Rindera schlumbergeri
Salvia drusica
Salvia nazalena
Salvia pinardii
Satureja pallaryi
Scrophularia mesopotamica
Sedum assyriacum
Stachys nivea
Stizolophus balsamitoides
Thymus syriacus
Tithymalus chaborasius
Tithymalus physocaulos
Valerianella deserticola
Verbascum aliciae
Verbascum antari
Verbascum antilibanoticum
Verbascum damascenum
Verbascum leptostachyum
Verbascum palmyrense
Verbascum triopidocarpum
Vincetoxicum dionysiense


Summary

Included here is Mesopotamia centralized on the Syrian Desert but also including the ‘Fertile Cresent’ in southeastern Anatolia. Other included areas are the highlands of eastern Edom and Sinai, the Judean Desert, northern Iraq up to the foothills of the Kurdistan Mountains and parts of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran.

Of the endemic and near endemic vascular plants so far recorded there are about 55 species in 41 genera and 18 families but no endemic genera. However, this list is likely to be incomplete so further information is required.

References

Ertekin, S. 2002. Plant diversity in Karacadag area. Dicle University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology. Association for Sustainable Rural & Urban Development.

Guest, E. & Al-Rawi, A. 1966. Flora of Iraq. Volume 1. Introduction to the Flora. Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Iraq.

Hedge, C. & Wendelbo, P. 1978. Patterns of distribution and endemism in Iran. Notes of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 36: 441-464.

Zohary, M. 1962. Plant Life of Palestine. The Ronald Press Company, New York.

Zohary, M. 1973. Geobotanical Foundations of the Middle East. Volumes 1 & 2. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart & Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam.

Zohary, M., Heyn, C. C. & Heller, D. 1980. Conspectus Florae Orientalis. The Israel Academy of Science and Humanities. Jerusalem.