Included here are the Volcano and Bonin islands situated in the eastern Pacific approximately 840 km southeast of Japan. The Bonin Islands known to the Japanese as the Ogasawara Islands formed some 48 million years ago but the Volcano Islands have a much younger geology.

Volcano-Bonin Coastal rocks and sea cliffs

The rocky maritime zone provides habitat for the endemic herbs Circium boninense (Asteraceae) and Sedum boninense (Grassulaceae), the endemic shrubs Lobelia boninensis (Campanulaceae) and Myoporum boninense (Myporaceae), and the small endemic tree Hedyotis mexicana (Rubiaceae). The coastal woodlands include the endemic shrub Fatsia oligocarpella (Araliaceae)

References

Hosokawa, T. 1934. Phytogeographical relationship between the Bonin and the Marianne islands laying stress upon the distribution of families, genera and species of their vernacular plants. Journal Soc.Tropical Agriculture, 6: 201-278.

Ito, M, Soejima, A. & Ono, M. 1998. Genetic diversity of the endemic plants of the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands.  In: Evolution and Speciation of Island Plants. Eds. T. S. Stuessy &  M. Ono. Cambridge University Press.

Kobayashi, S. 1978. A list of vascular plants occuring in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands. Ogasawara Research, 1: 1-33.

Mueller-Dombois, D. & Fosberg, F. R. 1998. Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands. Springer.

Nakai, T. 1930. The flora of the Bonin Islands. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 1: 249-278.

Wilson. E. H. 1919. The Bonin Islands and their ligneous vegetation. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 1: 97-115.

Ono. M. 1998. Conervation of the endemic vascular plant species of the Bonin Islands. In: Evolution and Speciation of Island Plants. Eds. T. S. Stuessy &  M. Ono. Cambridge University Press.

Tuyama, T. 1972. The status of the Bonin Islands flora in the Pacific. In: Floristics and Paleofloristics of Asia and eastern North America. Ed. A. Graham. Elsevier Publishing Company.